Literature Review on Gender Inequality

Literature Review on Gender Inequality In Scott Sander’s essay, he shares some personal thoughts and experiences throughout his life with various exposures to viewpoints. He talks about how the physical beauty of women affects men. He talks about how important it could be if girls were to walk naked in order to reduce man’s imaginations. He proves this when he says, â€Å"Until that moment, it had never made any difference to me how much or little a girl’s clothing revealed.† Scott explains how both of them, with the friend Norman, they were warned against looking at women with such lust, because their mother were women too and they would not have liked to be stared at like that. At 11, the girl older than he was revealed her body stimulated the author sexually. Sanders defend men arguing that biology and nature plays a role in men’s sexual desires for women. He gives an example of a goat to explain how the desire is biological by stating, â€Å"Billy goats do not fret over how they should look at nanny goats. They look or don’t look, as seasons and hormones dictate.† For a man to secure the survival of his genetic line, he has to successfully, produce children. He blames biology and his DNA for the reason he desires women in a sexual way. The author exploits another avenue, where he questions whether women intrigue men’s desire because they want the men to see and notice them. Women should try to respect themselves before impressing other people with their looks. To defend his claim, Sanders says,† Whatever their motives, these women had chosen to put themselves on display.† According to Sander’s description of physically perfect women used in playboy’s magazine with no imperfections, is not true because not every woman has the perfect descriptions. This theory puts pressure on the other women lacking these qualities, making most of them begin revealing their body part to be noticed. Women therefore should be treated with dignity and not assumed to be sexual objects. However, in the new generation feminism would challenge Sander’s thinking, as most women tend to fight for equity with the men. Women should stop blaming men when they look at them with sexual motives, as the attraction always comes naturally. The natural sexual attraction occurs a lot in men and therefore, they should stop being so judgmental. Men are at the same time required to look at different women differently, given each woman is solely different from another. Therefore, men are not required to judge all the women with same standards. The growth of equity among men and women, challenges Sander’s argument of men using women as objects. Most women have stable and well-paying jobs and therefore do not find need to depend on men for material support. This has led to respect from men to women, because some of the women are their bosses and managers and therefore men have to respect them. Equitable provision of education has made many changes, and led to women being viewed as academicians and intellects and not by their sexuality. Women are concentrating on their jobs and projects and therefore, do not have time to impress men with the way they wear or by revealing their body parts. The women managers would have to wear official cloths that do not expose any part of the body. Competition between men and women over positions in organizations and institutions, has improved some level of respect to the women because they see them as equals. This has helped the women to know their place in the society. Stage 2 The article, Global Issues/Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment, the article defines gender equality as a human right permitting women to opportunities such as economic, education and right to make their own decisions. Attainment of gender equality can be fulfilled when women are given enough opportunities to attain the potential, and the international development objectives. The article discusses gender parity in education and claims that the female gender is still given less opportunity as compared to the male ones. This can be proved from the article stating, â€Å"The higher percentage of school drop-outs includes more girls than boys.† The article continues in the discussion of gender equality in terms of economic and political power. The author compares women’s population in the world, almost half the total, with the worth of the wealth they own less than 5 percent. Some injustices done to them include; long working hours for both girls and women, lack of rights to own land or inherit property, in most of the African cultures, reduced rate of promotions to women at work places and underrepresented in making of important decisions in various institutions. A statement from the article, â€Å"Even though political participation of women is important for the achievement of gender quality and true democracy, they are still underrepresented in the legislatures† support this. These factors discussed in the article discover Sander’s discussion on how men use women as objects. (Global Issues/Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment) Another article by Tamara Cohen, â€Å"Not just a pretty face: Modern men prefer intelligent women to beauty† shows the evolution of the current man from being interested in the physical attractions such as curvy figure, to preferring intelligent women. The author states by saying, â€Å"When a man steals an admiring gaze at a woman, then he has been notified of the woman’s intelligence.† The article states that previously men preferred curvy women meaning they had to be fertile to give him a family, other factors that men considered include women with wifely skills such as being good in cooking. The western societies has given opportunity to women, making both genders to be equal, this has led to women choosing their in terms of appearance and not material as it used to be. The author supports these arguments by stating, â€Å"Women are less concerned with men’s health as most of them are stable financially, and therefore the only they look in man is his looks.† (Cohen, 2012) The last article in this discussion is Ian Brown’s â€Å"Why men cant and shouldnt stop staring at women.† Similar to Sanders, Billy also provides a personal life experience, where he met a girl on a bicycle wearing a miniskirt on his way to work. Even though Billy acknowledges that the girl is young enough to be her daughter, he explains how the body of this girl and her intention to wear the miniskirt and her youth triggered his interest. He explains, â€Å"My first sight of her felt like a light blow to the chest.† The author reveals men secret of feeling guilty when they see something they like but fails to act immediately. He felt guilty for failing to tell her how he felt, even though he was married and had a daughter the age of this girl. The author wonders why the act of men watching girls was posed as a bad reputation, while all the girls he interacted with told him they had no problem even if their partners observed girls passing by. He tells of a 26-year old woman about the matter and gives him this answer, â€Å"Just looking, I dont think it is offensive. But I think i ts offensive if there are comments.† (Brown, 2012). Stage 3 Both stage 1 and 2 have discussed factors that lead to how men look at women. Sanders talks about how the physical beauty of women affect men how they look at them. He shares his personal life experiences from when he was 11 years old and could still be stimulated sexually by a girl older than he was. However, the articles, â€Å"Global Issues/Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment† and â€Å"Not just a pretty face: Modern men prefer women with brains rather than beauty†, prove how facts have changed and the women have been empowered and realized their rights and position in the society, and therefore improve the respect from men. Men should respect women, and stop treating them as objects. When a man sees a woman, he should see something else in her and not sexuality. Women should cease from dressing in an exposing manner, for the men to notice them. They should observe moral and ethics in dressing. Works Cited Brown, I. (2012, March 23). Why men cant and shouldnt stop staring at women. THE GLOBE AND MAIL, pp. 1-3. Cohen, T. (2012, September 9). Not just a pretty face: Modern men prefer women with brains rather than beauty. Mail Online, pp. 1-2. Global Issues/Gender Equality and Womens Empowerment. (n.d.). Peace Corps.

Convergence of IP-Based Networks Essay

In the early days of the Internet, the only way to connect to the Web was by using a modem in conjunction with a dial-up connection. The modems, which stand for modulator-demodulator, were devices that converted analog signals into digital signals. Early modems operated at 1200 bps or bit/s per second to 2400 bps. Data transfer was slow and often unreliable. Today the Internet and the means to access the Internet has changed radically from the days of the modem. We now use lightning fast networks that include broadband, T1, satellite and digital wireless connections. The modernization of network technology has enabled the invention of cell phones, and other devices that allow users to access the Web and other networks from almost anywhere in the world and beyond. The advancement in network technology has led to its share of security risks. Attacks against networks, user’s personal information and corporate information have changed how the world deals with network security. The idea of Network Security is no longer an afterthought but the driving force in all network designs. IT managers are now concerned with securing data, ensuring only authorized end users have access to resources, and protecting the integrity of hardware, software and devices. A converged network has many of the same risks and susceptibility to threats as you might find if you were dealing with two separate networks. Denial of Service attacks against banks data storage servers could cause a lot of harm and potentially cause the loss of millions of dollars, Identification theft or loss of confidence for the organization. Converged networks place more information and resources in line with each other than would be found in having separate networks for each network needed to operate a company. This just means IT managers have to place all safeguards in one place. Wireless or mobile technology has added another dimension to information technology and information technology security. With the advent of cell phones, tablets and other Smart devices, many new challenges have evolved in the IT community. The manufacturers of these devices, in order to stay competitive,  have to consider the devices capabilities, cost, and what I think to be the most important aspect is, the security of the device. Mobile devices offer many opportunities in the modern work force that a person would not have with a desktop computer. Mobile devices offer flexibility that allows a person to work from virtually anywhere. The only limitation is network connectivity, and with a satellite connection this means the workplace is almost endless. Many companies are now moving in the direction of mobile technology but as with most new technologies the cost is high. In order for a company to fully integrate mobile technology they will need to perform a cost-benefit analysis and determine if the investment is justified. Data security and authentication processes/standards have been put place and are continually being updated that make mobile computing safe and reliable. These standards have made it easier and more cost effective for companies to operate across multiple platforms while maintaining system integrity, security and usability.

Should Higher Education Be A Right - 985 Words

Should higher education be a right in the United States? Yes. Can states afford to fund higher education and can institutions develop cost-effective strategies to assist this process? Yes and yes. Multiple approaches have been offered in the search for increasing access to affordable education. However, methods achieved by various countries and historical precedents have occurred under diverse circumstances and under various funding mechanisms. These strategies do not seem to offer a viable plan for the current economic and political climate of the United States today. However, as pointed out by Rumble (2007) and Meyer (2008), a change of opinion and the introduction of distance education can make this right a reality. Rumble (2007) challenges societal views and presents the idea that taxpayers should be willing to provide the funds to allow each student a chance at an improved life. The concept of performing a service for the good of the whole is a hard pill to swallow for many Americans. The idea of using increased tax dollars to provide education for all may feel to some as a form of socialism. This view is the primary reason the United States does not have free tuition at public colleges and universities. Education expenses are viewed as discretionary among legislatures. Rumble (2007) points out this view has existed in the UK as well, during the 1980s and 1990s, with the idea that higher education is a responsibility of the individual rather than the state. If we areShow MoreRelatedEssay about University Education Should Be Free1628 Words   |  7 Pages Independent.Leadership.Equality. All of these are three characteristics as to what free university education can provide to citizens.Higher education should be free of charge for the citizens of the United States.In the US the average cost for colleges per year is $8,893. Many middle class and under class people cannot afford such costs. It is true that the government will give you grants but most of the time students never get funding from them (Emmons 3). Most people of today can hardly affordRead MoreAt This Point In America, There Is An Increasingly Intense1194 Words   |  5 PagesAt this point in America, there is an increasingly intense debate about if education should be a right or a privilege. This decision can be discussed between Americans but for significant impact, the federal and state governments must act. Since Americans value the chance at an education so much, the cost for that said education should not be so expensive that it outweighs the rewards. Students in col lege now are accruing tens of thousands of dollars in debt. Some may not even earn their degreesRead MoreIs The Objective Of Higher Education? Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the objective of higher education? 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Conflict Between Israel And Israel - 1986 Words

Before getting all sophisticated and going into depth about this issue, I would like to break down each subject that would be discussed. Conflict is defined as incompatibility or interference, as of one idea, desire, event, or activity with another. Palestine (also called the Holy Land) is an ancient country in South-West Asia, on the East coast of the Mediterranean. Palestine is also a country divided between Israel, Jordan, and Egypt. Lastly, Israel is a republic in South-West Asia on the Mediterranean, formed as a Jewish state in May of 1948. These two, the Israelis and Palestinians, have been fighting for decades. The main reasons include international agreement, borders, economic security, water resources, sovereignty of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, Palestinian freedom of movement due to barriers, and resolving Palestinian claims of a right of return for their refugees. Of course, at one point in time there had to be peace. There wasn’t always fighting and clashing goi ng on. This time of peace happened to be before a group of Zionists from Europe decided to invade the land in attempt to make it â€Å"home† for the Jewish people. Eventually, fighting broke out when the Arabs realized what was really going on and how it would affect their people and community. As stated before, these two have been going at it for many many years so of course there are wars to prove it. The first war fought between the Palestinians and Arabs took place in 1947-1949, also referred to asShow MoreRelatedIsrael And Palestine Conflict Between Palestine And Israel1303 Words   |  6 Pagesborders between Palestine and Israel have been unfair. The Israeli people have taken a majority of the Palestinians land. This had caused conflict between these two territories for years. The Israel and Palestine conflict has been going on for many decades and nothing seems to be able to solve this issue. All because the Israeli government is very stubborn. 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