The Importance of Rebellions in Early America free essay sample

America Many individuals think uprisings are a terrible thing. Those individuals likely don't realize that there were three uprisings that would improve America. The three uprisings occurred in three key states/settlements. Shays Rebellion was in Massachusetts, the Whiskey Rebellion was in Pennsylvania and Bacon Rebellion was in the state of Virginia. The most significant disobedience was Shays Rebellion since it gave this nation the requirement for a more grounded focal government.The least significant resistance in this nation as Bacons Rebellion since it truly didn't do much at that point. Bacons Rebellion was a thousand Virginians who rose facing the standard of Virginia Governor William Berkeley. Berkeley had as of late wouldn't fight back for Indian assaults on western Virginia settlements. This incited some to assume control over issues, assaulting Native Americans, pursuing Berkeley from Jamestown. They likewise burnt the capital. Bacons and Shays Rebellion share a great deal practically speaking in the way that both of the uprisings were begun by ranchers who were tired of the administration. We will compose a custom paper test on The Importance of Rebellions in Early America or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Another motivation behind why Bacons Rebellion isn't that significant on the grounds that at the time there was no United States and it didn't influence some other settlements. The second most significant insubordination in this nation was The Whiskey Rebellion. The Whiskey Rebellion was significant on the grounds that it was the first run through the administration needed to show its capacity. The Whiskey Rebellion was an assessment fight in the United States starting in 1791 , during the administration of George Washington. Ranchers who sold their grain as bourbon needed to pay another expense which they firmly hated. The duty was a piece of treasury secretary AlexanderHamiltonians program to take care of the national obligation On the western wilderness, dissidents utilized viciousness and terrorizing to keep government authorities from gathering the assessment. Obstruction went to a peak in July, 1 794, when a U. S. Marshal showed up in western Pennsylvania to rebuff individuals who had not made good on the expense. That was the final irritation that will be tolerated and in excess of 500 outfitted men assaulted the home of expense controller General John Manville. After that Washington sent in 1 5,000 troopers. The administration sent a bigger number of troops to stop the disobedience than Washington had at Yorktown. After all the battling there were just 3 or 4 renegades really hanged.This insubordination was significant on the grounds that had the legislature been ousted the nation would have returned to political agitation. The most significant defiance was Shays Rebellion. Shays Rebellion it was directly after the war had finished and the nation was all the while attempting to frame a solid focal government. Shays Rebellion happened in light of the fact that Daniel Shays, a rancher who had battled close by Lafayette in the war was not getting the pay from the war. He needed to sell the blade Lafayette gave him for food cash and the bank was attempting to take his home. So he composed a defiance. Fortunately for this nation the insubordination was crushed and no shots were fired.This defiance was huge in light of the fact that it demonstrated that there should have been a more grounded focal government. Accordingly Shays Rebellion is the most significant insubordination since it improved America since it made the requirement for a more grounded government. It is fascinating that each of the three uprisings were begun by ranchers tired of the administration. Every disobedience accomplished something significant for this nation and they all changed the nation in an alternate manner. Shays Rebellion was the defining moment in this nation in light of the fact that had his resistance succeeded this nation may have returned to turmoil.

Comparing the Grandmother in The Necklace and A Good Man is Hard to Fin

The Grandmother in The Necklace and A Good Man is Hard to Find   The primary characters Mrs. Loisel in The Necklace and the grandma in A Good Man is Hard to Find are fundamentally the same as on the grounds that both these characters would not admit to a slip-up that they had made. The two of them had a similar inspiration preceding the mix-up and they additionally had a similar explanation with regards to why they needed to stay silent about it. Despite the fact that Mrs. Lisle's and the grandma's punishments were unique, it is still reasonable for analyze the two in light of the fact that in any case, in any condition, both their lives were demolished. Mrs. Loisel and the grandma are fundamentally the same as because of the way that the two of them had a similar inspiration before their mishap. It was an egotistical inspiration that cost them their lives. Mrs. Loisel's character was narrow minded in The Necklace on the grounds that as opposed to wearing blossoms like her better half proposed, she decided to get her companion's adornments. You can wear some normal blossoms. At this season they look chic. For ten francs you can have a few sublime roses. 'No, she answered, there is nothing more embarrassing than to have a pitiful air amidst rich ladies.' (67) This is really a demonstration of narrow-mindedness on Mrs. Loisel's part. On the off chance that she wouldn't have been so haughty, she could have quite recently worn the blossoms to the gathering and it would have spared her a great deal of difficulty. The grandma's character in A Good Man is Hard to Find is likewise narrow minded in her inspirations. She believed she needed to deceive her child, little girl in-law and her grandkids with the end goal for her to have the option to see that decent house once more. 'There was a mystery board in this house' she said cunningly, not coming clean yet wishing that she were, 'and the story went that all the family sil... ... similar in light of the fact that like I represented previously, they were both narrow minded individuals. With everything taken into account, these two characters were fundamentally the same as. The two of them had the equivalent egotistical inspirations. The two of them needed something, and they couldn't have cared less what they did to get it. They additionally had similar explanations behind staying quiet calm, they feared shame. What's more, at long last the two of them demolished their lives. Mrs. Loisel must be a persevering lady for a long time, which truly negatively affected her. The grandma was murdered, just as the remainder of her family. On the off chance that Mrs. Loisel and the grandma would have come clean from the beginning none of this would have occurred. However, presently, much the same as most everybody throughout everyday life, they had to pay dearly for accomplishing something incorrectly. Despite the fact that they didn't merit the discipline they got, I get it was all in the karma of the draw.  

Benson, Ezra Taft

Benson, Ezra Taft Benson, Ezra Taft, 1899â€"1994, U.S. secretary of agriculture (1953â€"61), b. Whitney, Idaho. An extension economist and marketing specialist at the Univ. of Idaho (1930â€"38) and executive secretary of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives (1939â€"44), he was chairman of the board of trustees of the American Institute of Cooperatives when appointed secretary of agriculture. His policiesâ€"among other things he opposed rigid price supports at 90% of parity in favor of flexible price supportsâ€"brought him much criticism, even from Republican congressmen. In 1959 farm belt members of the Republican National Committee sought Benson's resignation. He refused, stating that he would continue to fight to oust government from agriculture. A devout Mormon, he became (1943) a member of the Council of Twelve (the Apostles) and in 1985 succeeded as president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Benson wrote Farmers at the Crossroads (1956), Freedom to Farm (1960), Tit le of Liberty (1964), and An Enemy Hath Done This (1969). See his Cross Fire: The Eight Years with Eisenhower (1962). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Entrepreneur - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5074 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Table of Contents 1. Introduction ImageCafe2 2. Clarence Wooten’s Strengths and Weaknesses2 3. Product versus Service-Oriented Focus2 4. Feasibility Analysis2 5. Capital Funding3 6. Conclusion3 7. Introduction – Roxanne Quimby4 8. Idea versus Opportunity4 9. Burt’s Bees Success Story4 10. Relocation to North Carolina: The best solution? 5 11. Conclusion5 12. Introduction – Globant6 13. Globant Challenge6 14. Strengths Weaknesses6 15. Industry Analysis6 16. Competitors Analysis7 17. Target Market7 18. Globant Industry Segments7 19. Conclusion7 20. Introduction – Indulgence Spa Products8 21. Family Business versus Family Enterprising8 22. Indulgence Issues8 23. Parent Company Concerns8 24. Growth Strategies9 25. Introduction – Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC)10 26. Super Lube Franchising Model10 27. QLFC Success and Growth10 28. Critical Issues10 29. Was QLFC Suit Justified? 11 30. QLFC/Huston â€Å"Summit† Episode 21 1 31. Bibliography12 Introduction ImageCafe Clarence Wooten has been motivated to become an entrepreneur since young with a typical childhood dream to get rich. Following his strong academic and technical interests, he founded Envision Design, an award-winning 3-D animation company targeting architects. His second start-up, Metamorphosis Studios, a company that focus on special effects and multimedia presentations ended up in failure like the first venture as he morphed into his third, ImageCafe, a business that designed website templates that appeared to have been designed by high-end professionals. Clarence Wooten’s Strengths and Weaknesses With both of his parents being self-employed and a constant transitioning between homes, school systems and friends at a young age enabled him to become comfortable adapting to different situations in life. Clarence main strength was his high learning curve, accumulating extensive knowledge in computer graphics possessing creative design skills. Clarence was constantly on the lookout for opportunities and develops ideas, creating businesses to fill it as evidenced by the setting up of Envision Design and Metamorphosis Studios. However, Clarence failed to understand the difference between an opportunity and an idea, as to whether the idea fills a need and meets the criteria for an opportunity because an idea is a thought, an impression or a notion and may or may not meet the criteria of an opportunity (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 67). The end-result was two-failed entrepreneurial efforts prior to ImageCafe but the effect characterized his ability to persevere through setbacks and failures, giving him a vital learning experience for the third (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 36). Product versus Service-Oriented Focus By going to a product-oriented service, he understood the two most important elements in any businesses, which are products and customers. While it’s important to think about management, finance , marketing and the like, none f these functions make any difference if a firm does not have good products with the capability to satisfy a wide audience of potential customers (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 36). It is inevitable in service-oriented business model to encounter payment and commitment problems as in any other industries because service-orientation means supporting customers’ activities and processes, resulting in overlapping service production and consumption where the most important characteristic of services is their process nature and the interaction between provider and customer in the service process (Erwin, 2008). In reality, a business model can be a mix of product and service-orientation focus as these orientations are more different kinds of logic then different characteristics of the offering (Erwin, 2008). Therefore, a physical product can have a service-oriented business model, while a service can have a product-oriented business model (Erwin, 2008). Feasibility Analysis Wooten noticed a technology trend among computer users and corporate companies on their need for creating websites (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 69). He knew that that in order to obtain a website, one had to either hire a dedicated, full-time web design firm, which was expensive or a DIY method with relatively inexpensive software programs but hindering it’s use is a steep learning curve for its appropriate use. Wooten took advantage of the technological trend and found gap in the marketplace for web design targeting specific market segments, which is the small business firms who could not afford full service web design firms and yet could not afford to erode their corporate image with cheap and unprofessional websites done by DIY methods. It is just not realistic to introduce a completely original product idea into a completely new market, which is too expensive to be a pioneer in each area (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 112). Wooten knew that he did no t have the resources needed to participate in a broad market and by focusing on the small business segment, ImageCafe can avoid head to head competition with industry leaders and can focus on serving this specialized market very well meeting their demands with his innovative product (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 112). This was a win-win situation for both small business segment and Wooten. Using their extensive knowledge of high-end software, HTML, web programming and artistic ability for developing graphical user interfaces along with their previous experience in the same field, Wooten understand the markets in which the firm will participate (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 114). Capital Funding All new ventures alike, in order to build a high potential venture; he needs to raise enough capital because a company’s burn rate can cause several complications until it reaches profitability or growth capability even if it has good products and satisfied customers given the fact tha t he had a small team of two programmers working on the back-end whom Wooten has agreed to pay $30,000 in stock or cash once capital had been raised (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 341). Wooten did not want to deal with people who did not understand or care about their long-term business vision just like the way he approached WSGR, the law firm for their legal services and when he rejected Walker as an angel investor after his request for relocation of the new company and payments paid based on milestones. With WSGR, Wooten developed a strategy for engaging potential investors as they setup several meetings for him using their professional recommendations with venture capital firms in Silicon Valley. WSGR stand to earn $40,000 in legal fees should he manage to receive sufficient funding while enabling Wooten to secure the funding needed should things go well, fulfilling mutual interests. Wooten went one step further; making presentation and providing investor a completed business p lan as evidenced by his approach towards Bill Daniels (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 348). Wooten went for equity financing, wanting $300,000 in capital, based on a $3,000,000 valuation, giving up 10% of the company equity without being aught short on cash yet paying for capital it doesn’t need. Moreover, appearing uncertain about the amount of money required to support his venture make a poor impression to potential lender or investor (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 345). Conclusion Was $10,000,00 valuation the cause for ImageCafe’s inability to secure further funding to continue the fight resulting in the financial uncertainty even though the product was on track? Introduction – Roxanne Quimby Roxanne is a young, enthusiast entrepreneur living at a subsistence level in the backwoods of Maine, whose creative ideas and entrepreneurial spirit lead her to an opportunity and create a new business around bee’s wax products and derivatives, growing it into a multi-m illion dollar venture within a few years. With her company experiencing profitable growth, Roxanne faces a major issue of re-location to North Carolina and the offer of a significant strategic sale. Idea versus Opportunity Barringer Ireland (2010: 66) defined opportunity as a favorable set of circumstances that creates a need for a new product, service or business. An idea is a thought, an impression or a notion or form part of an opportunity (Russell, 2003; Barringer Ireland, 2010: 67). According to Russell (2003), an idea is of academic interest only when judge in isolation and is inert, until combined with the other factors to create an opportunity. Generating idea is the entrepreneur’s first step to realizing a favorable opportunity where an idea must interact with other components to create an opportunity, but many ideas need to be assessed till the right one is chosen to become part of an opportunity (Russell, 2003). According to Russell (2003), idea might be a great innovation or simply a more effective way of doing something. Insight or exploration may generate an idea or may be accidentally stumbled upon. Russell (2003) states that opportunity construction is the next step in the entrepreneurial process where idea is positioned in the real world. When idea is combined with marketing and economic factors to form the opportunity, the likelihood that a gap is determine between market needs where wants can be filled by creating businesses (Russell, 2003; Barringer Ireland, 2010: 66). A real need in the market must be either satisfied or created where the timing should be right, adding value for the buyer with both profit and growth potentials high for the entrepreneur (Russell, 2003). More often than not, opportunities are more important than the ideas themselves in the real world. Burt’s Bees Success Story Roxanne acquired an early entrepreneurial education through her father by working on his numerous entrepreneurial projects a nd selling her own hand-made crafts to raise money for her college education. Although generally not interested in business but because of her character, she developed a passion for the business and remained passionate about her business idea about Burt’s Bees (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 33 35). Roxanne stated, ‘ I liked buying and selling things well, adding value. She wanted control and self-accountability reflecting strong entrepreneur characteristics as she stated, ‘ I loved the freedom of starting a business, of not knowing how it would turn out. ’ Roxanne had a partner who shared her vision where there is no conflict between them about the business. Burt’s demonstrates an ability to adapt to the evolving needs of the business and the risks along with it, sharing the same perspectives as Roxanne as he supported her decision to relocate from Maine to North Carolina. ‘ Burt was my main sounding board and gives me a lot of moral and psy chological support. In all this time, there’s never been a conflict between us. ’ said Roxanne. As a first-mover in the market carry a significant amount of risks but Roxanne knew that the product is desirable and serves a need in the marketplace with the candle an initial hit. She has accidentally tapped on an un-served market in urban areas where people has an unconscious desire for more simplicity and their products speak to that need. Roxanne came up with a marketing strategy to expand the product line to include other handmade crafts and beeswax-based products like lip balm to serve the same market. Roxanne adopts a bootstrapping approach to finance the company through thriftiness and retained profits, as she is a non-believer of going into debt to keep a company going. Being a cash-aware person, Roxanne refused to sell products to any retailer who didn’t pay its bill within the required 30 days. During the growth stage of Burt’s Bee, the minim al amount of resources were used where household kitchen appliances were used for the manufacturing processes and messages for Burt’s Bees orders were taken at a local health food store. Roxanne willingness to sleep at the back of pickup truck for trade shows and the rental of an abandoned one-room schoolhouse with no utilities for $150 demonstrates the efficient use of resources. This approach proved to be a success as the company since the beginning of 1987 has never once dipped into the red, had always turned a profit and had always increased with large number of national retailers stocking Burt’s Bees’ products. Relocation to North Carolina: The best solution? Burt’s Bees remaining in North Caroline will allows the company to grow, realize its full potential and become ready for harvesting for a price that is acceptable to both Roxanne and Burt. Transportation costs and payroll taxes are significantly lower in North Carolina than in Maine but wh at was more compelling though was the large supply of skilled labor, which will enable Roxanne to hire a management team with relevant expertise would release her to consider broad management issues and support her in business decisions, rather than to involve herself in direct supervision of the product workers. From a cost and manufacturing perspective, operations in North Caroline will have to change from manual production-oriented methods to automated manufacture-oriented in order to control labor costs and to ensure future revenue is not limited as in Maine. Another critical factor was that a large percentage of the country’s population live within a twelve from the North Carolina plant, which will places Burt’s Bees products closer to the majority of its customer base. Additionally, Burt’s Bees could retained its original product line in Maine that make the company so successful since the governor of Maine had said to call him should Roxanne changed her mind about North Caroline. She could make use of this opportunity to negotiate a deal to mitigate Burt’s Bees’ tax, transport and employment costs. Since the whole product line in North Caroline is going to change and refocus on skin care products, it would be useful to make use of Burt’s Bees’ valuable branding in Maine to concrete and market their new products line in North Caroline to the existing urban customers, making it easier for them to penetrate existing and potential markets. Conclusion As suggested above, moving to North Caroline and retaining the production line at Maine would have great advantages, such as maximizing Burt’s Bees’ potential in terms of greater profit and yet fulfilling Roxanne sense of ethic responsibility towards the Maine’s employees. Introduction – Globant Globant is a four-year-old venture making business headlines in Argentina as the largest independent information technology (IT) outso urcer in the country. Both Martin Migoya and co-founder Guibert Englebienne are network entrepreneurs who fueled sales by tapping their personal networks, and by successfully following up on every lead and referral that had come their way. Their sustained push for wins, however, has resulted in such a broadly diversified portfolio of clients and service offerings that they risk being marginalized by larger, more focused competitors. Globant Challenge One of the early challenges for Globant was that there was a lack of knowledge about their country among many of their potential clients. In addition, historical fears of criminal activity and political instability have required Globant to do additional explaining to convince potential investors and clients. Another significant challenge was with Globant’s broadly diversified portfolio of clients and service offerings as tier one prospects were choosing IT service partners who could demonstrate a deep and wide understanding of their particular industries, which were not to their advantage. Strengths Weaknesses Globant place an emphasis on supporting and contributing to open source technologies for NET and Java applications and by utilizing agile development methodologies. The other lies in their recruitment strategy, hiring a wide variety of backgrounds and technological skill sets such as Java, NET, LAMP and Oracle, employees’ knowledge domains differed across platforms such as Linux, Unix and Windows as well as system administration experience and application design work through existing employees for referrals. Both of this emphasis gives Globant the ability to be in constant contact with their clients globally, staying relevant to their clients or industries changing needs and requirements, enabling them to provide any skill set a client might request as well as being able to attract talent with industry-specific expertise. Their weakness was language barriers, which was the level of English proficiency as they go into geographical and eventually international expansion. By providing free English lessons to help employees, it was apparent that they wanted staff that can make a valuable contribution and it’s not good enough to hire someone who is well intended but who doesn’t precisely fit the job (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 316 -17). All this created such a broadly diversified portfolio of clients and service offerings such that Globant is in danger of losing focus on the market to their competitors. Industry Analysis Outsourcing become a business trend as more firms want to save on cost and time, access to expertise that were not available internally and give back organizations the ability to refocus on core business functions (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 173). Firms simply wanted to offload areas of work that were not central to their business models, allowing them to maximize their efforts in areas where they could best differentiate themsel ves. There was thousands of IT outsourcing companies in the world where competition was fierce and growing. Differentiation is very difficult given the sheer size of the industry and because there were usually several similar companies for any particular specialty or segment. Globant was completing in global industries with experiencing significant international sales at different geographical locations and will have to note that global strategy depends on how similar customers’ preferences are from market to market (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 185). Competitors Analysis Globant faced a number of direct competitors who offer identical services and going after the same customer base, many with North American sales offices in Massachusetts. They also faced future competitors who have set up development centers in Uruguay, Brazil and Russia. It faces difficulty in winning over the loyal customers of its major competitors even if it does offer better services (Barringer Irel and, 2010: 186). Target Market By targeting specific industries as well as geographic regions, Globant can keep abreast of technological and business trends for its market, developing core competencies pertaining to its specific marketplace. For Globant with such diversified portfolio of clients and service offerings, it has to begins breaking itself down into more narrowly focused markets to regain its competitive edge. Globant Industry Segments Given Globant’s software development expertise with open source architecture as another of their strong technology differentiator, their industry segments should be based on companies that used technology as a competitive advantage. The high-tech segment would provide the most value as reference customers for Globant as California represented about 30% of the high-tech market and contained many of the big-name companies. Firstly, for most of the larger firms, the greatest outsourcing need was for customization expertise in pack aged and prepackaged software such as SAP and Oracle, which Globant could provide for. Secondly, the segment also had strong interest in using open source technologies that Globant is supported of, which is also their expertise. The travel industry has undergone a tremendous shift in recent years toward online commerce with off shoring having successful experiences with it. With the growing need for travel websites to cut costs, Globant can allow the segment to differentiate themselves through innovative technologies, breadth of functionality and international capabilities with their expertise. The financial services are a midsized market where competition is fierce driven by new offerings and innovations. Many of the new products are technology based and diverse. There were also new areas of interest for exploration where build decision was more pertinent in the midsized segment that Globant could provide for with their expertise. Conclusion Their strategy of ‘ Recruit the best local talent and deliver high-quality solutions while ensuring superb customer service’ can define the path a company takes and acts as its compass to redevelop their focus and tactical approach to their future business development in order to complete. Introduction – Indulgence Spa Products Robert and Ulissa Dawson family enterprise, Dawson Products, was one of the last remaining privately held black enterprises in the personal care products industry, making them role models in the African-American community. They had taught their daughters, Angela, 39, and Jimella, 32, to be self-sufficient at a young age. Bright, energetic, and independent, the talented young women have become key figures in the growth trajectory of this family enterprise but now Jimella wants to strike out on her own rather than stay and grow the core family business. Family Business versus Family Enterprising According to Bellet et al. (2010), family business has been defined as a b usiness that is owned and managed or controlled by one or more family. A more detailed definition define family firms as organizations where two or more extended family members influence the direction of the business through the exercise of kinship ties, management roles, or ownership rights (Bellet et al. , 2010). Bellet et al. (2010) stated in his article that the connection between entrepreneurship and family business is widely unrecognized but families are vital and supportive environments for entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurship research has also revealed that family support and the presence of self-employed parents are important influences in venture initiation and business ownership (Bellet et al. , 2010). In fact, the family business is quite simply the wider-lens view of entrepreneurship as the initial business efforts of one or more family members grow and change over time. According to the definition above, this case in question was a family business because they termed Dawson Products as the parent company, which means that Indulgence was a subsidiary of Dawson Products. For her continuous contribution to the family business, Jimella received financial support of $250,000 from Dawson and allow her to use the Dawson business infrastructures to support Indulgence and manufacture most of her product lines. Indirectly, this also means the Dawsons could influence the fate of Indulgence through the exercise of kinship ties, management roles or ownership rights. Indulgence Issues Although Jimella did a competitors analysis for Indulgence, she did not realized that her targeted market was too broadly diversified by positioning itself as a company that creates products for all women. Even though she had created competitive marketing strategies, without a clearly defined target market, she has failed to develop core competencies pertaining to its specific marketplace. Despite the distributor’s success in building a base of white clients , most Indulgence recruits were African American, making it even harder to penetrate the market, struggling to meet her aggressive growth goals. Parent Company Concerns Dawsons Products succession strategy was disrupted by Jimella decision to set up Indulgence. They wanted Dawsons Products to remain a family business without the interference of outsider even if it is appointed from within the company, wanting to avoid being a victim of corporate buyouts by white-controlled multinational companies. Growth Strategies Jimella has to understand that not all business have the potential to be aggressive growth firms unless ones that can solve a significant problem or have a major impact on their customers’ productivity or lives. By setting an aggressive growth goals of attracting 100 beauty advisors and $100,000 in monthly sales and profitability was unrealistic outlook of how fast the business is expected to grow (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 451). Jimella should tapped on Daws ons Products branding and launch Indulgence as a product that adds value for existing customers, focusing on existing target market such as the African American (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 483). Conduct feasibility analysis and market research in focus groups and surveys, making incremental adjustments as and when appropriate (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 483). She could increase the market penetration of the product through increasing advertising expenditures, offering sales promotion, lowering the price or increasing the size of the workforce For example, Jimelle can engage white celebrity endorsers to demonstrate and promote her Indulgence products in the white-dominated, competitive market, which she find it extremely difficult to penetrate. Next, Jimella can expand the product line in making additional versions of the Indulgence products so that it will appeal to different clientele since she is pursing broadly diversified clients. For example, Indulgence may make another ver sion of a low-end product, which is a little better, and then make another version of it that represent the top of the line to appeal to the different color groups. This would allow Indulgence to take one product and extend it into several products without incurring significant additional development expense. Lastly, Jimella can purse an external growth strategy by forming a marketing alliance with Dawson Products to gain access to their distribution channels in order to increase sales of Indulgence products (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 496). In this way, Dawson Product can increase economies of scale and reduce per unit cost and benefits by adding products to its product line, increasing its attractiveness to those wanting to purchase a wide array of products from a single supplier (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 497). This is a win-win situation for both Indulgence and Dawsons Products because this allows the both of them to focus on their specific area of expertise and partner with e ach other to fill their expertise gaps. This approach is most appropriate for Indulgence who does not have he financial resources or time to develop all the competencies they need to bring the final products to the market quickly (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 497). Most importantly, Jimella can remain working in Dawson Products as part of the original succession strategy in growing the core family business and yet retaining control over decision-making at Indulgence. Introduction – Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) QLFC is a franchisee of Super Lube, the number one franchisor in the quick lube and oil-change business. As one of the co-founders of Super Lube before, Frank Herget is now concerned about his relationship with Super Lube because Huston Oil, an industry leader, has acquired a 80% interest in Super Lube and subsequently has replaced its top management. Herget believes there is a basic conflict between QLFCs objectives as a franchisee and Hustons objectives as both QLFCs franchisor and the exclusive supplier of QLFCs oils and lubrication products. After an unsatisfactory meeting with Hustons executives, Hergets company sues Huston, which denies the charges and files a countersuit. Super Lube Franchising Model Super Lube has adopted a business format franchise system that offers a franchisee the rights to engage in a business system by using the franchisor’s trade name, trademark, service marks, know-how and method of doing business. In return, the franchisee has to pay Super Lube in the form of a percentage of top-line sales (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 514). Between Super Lube and its’ franchisees, in placed was a area franchise agreement that allowed service centre development and operating rights to a geographical area covering parts of California and Washington with the potential for over 90 service centers (Barringer Ireland, 2010: 515). QLFC Success and Growth With his vision to turn QLFC into a big chain of Su per Lube service centers and identifying a high growth opportunities beyond the location issues, Herget demonstrate effective leadership and management skills in the success of QLFC by recruiting former Super Lube employees in senior management positions allowing them to purchase stock in QLFC with cash realized by selling their stocks in Super Lube. By doing this, he has not only brought much needed business expertise to QLFC but also use the funds from them to inance QLFC’s growth with both equity and debt. In order to finance further high growth opportunities, Herget utilized real estate partnerships and struck a deal with Huston Oil for $6. 5 million of subordinated debt, which QLFC in return has to commit contractually to purchasing Huston products. Critical Issues Franchisees grew increasingly discontented with Super Lube mounting financial problems when the franchisor failed to perform its contractually obligated tasks. With the subsequent Huston deal, the new appoi nted CEO of Super Lube took a hard-line position on how the franchise system would operate where the focus of the franchisor would be on motor oil sales instead of service center-level profitability. This is a huge red flag for the franchisee as to the core business direction of the franchisor, which is different from its original business strategy. With business focus in confusion and the lack of clarity from Huston Oil rejecting historical relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Super Lube, the franchisees invariably feel stress by the situation and lead to negative conflicts. Was QLFC Suit Justified? Yes, because the franchise relationship between Super Lube and QLFC has changed with Huston acquiring 80 percent of Super Lube shares. Huston has now become QLFC’s man franchiser and exclusive oil supplier. With Huston primary interest in selling oil, QLFC got limited growth for future expansion as a franchisee that is interested in their profitability, cr eating a significant potential conflict now if not in future. These conflicts have translated into legal issue such as breach of contract. However, there is a risk that Huston may stop the financing for QLFC’s real estate partnerships affecting their growth as a company and whether Herget can sustain his resources against a multibillion-dollar company. QLFC/Huston â€Å"Summit† Episode 2 Assuming that Herget decides to meet with Huston, he should try to negotiate on the rights to buy oil from other suppliers so that they are not totally dependent on Huston for business survival and yet meeting their interest of maintaining service center-level profitability. To enhance and protect future profitability, Herget should try to get an exclusive guarantee from Huston that oil price will never be more than the price that QLFC can get from other suppliers. QLFC is a growing business, but its growth has slowed in the last 3 years with its net income peaked at $764,794 in 1990, and fell to $532,640 in 1991, which was substantially below its budgeted net income. This indicates that the strife with Huston is taking its toll on both revenue and income. If the above fails to work out, Herget should consider selling QLFC to Huston to avoid becoming a failed business venture, which would be the ultimate ending since business visions differed and both parties failing to find common ground to compromise. However, prior to this meeting, Huston has to do some risk assessment in the event that the case really goes to court and the jury finds in favor of QLFC? This will enable QLFC to walk away from its franchise agreement with Super Lube with Huston standing to lose the 7 percent royalty, which is about $2. million. Huston Oil has an advantage in this case based on U. S. legal rules and regulations under franchise law because according to Barringer Ireland (2010: 533), franchisor has no fiduciary obligation to its franchisees, meaning that jury would always act in their best interest of the franchisees. Barringer Ireland (2010: 533) further state in the book through Robert Purvin, an experienced franchise attorney, While the conventional wisdom talks about the proactive relationship of the franchisor to its franchisees, virtually every court case decided in the U. S. has ruled that a franchisor has no fiduciary obligation to its franchisees. Instead, U. S. courts have agreed with franchisors that franchise agreements are ‘arms length’ business transactions. Bibliography Barringer, Bruce R. , Ireland, R. Duane (2010): Entrepreneurship, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Bellet, William, Dunn, Barbara, Heck, Ramona K. Z. Parady, Peter, Powell, John, Upton, Nancy Bowman (2010) Family Business as a Field of Study [WWW] Available from: https://www. fambiz. com/Orgs/Cornell/articles/real/ifbpa. cfm [Accessed 29/08/10] Erwin, Fielt (2008) A service-oriented business model (Article). Weblog [Online] 5th March. Available from: https:/ /fieltnotes. blogspot. com/2008/03/service-oriented-business-model. html [Accessed 27/08/10] Russell, Davison (2003) Small enterprises [WWW] Available from: https://www. allfreelancework. com/images/portfolioFile/35744. pdf [Accessed 28/08/10] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Entrepreneur" essay for you Create order

The Birthmark, Rappaccini’s Daughter and the Strange Case...

When you hear the word â€Å"mad scientist† you perceive an aggressive, eccentric, awkward and intellectual individual that works with fictional equipment in order to initiate their intelligible schemes. On the other hand, they fail to recognize the evil that will stream from the hubris of â€Å"playing god†. A majority of the time these â€Å"mad scientists† are individuals who value their experiments and scientific curiosity over themselves, others and the world. The literature works, The Birthmark, Rappaccini’s Daughter and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde all depict the role of a â€Å"mad scientist† who ultimately destroys themselves and others in an attempt to create something perfect. Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Birthmark† illustrates an†¦show more content†¦Thus, Dr. Rappaccini is symbolic of an early gardener who uses genetics to alter the appearance and fragrance of plants and flowers. It should be noted that Beatrice, much like Georgiana sans the birthmark, is an extraordinarily beautiful young woman, for she is â€Å"endowed with all gentle and feminine qualities† (Hawthorne, 1057) and is worthy to be worshipped. Without a doubt, this little tale related by Professor Baglioni serves as a foreshadowing device related to Beatrice herself, meaning that Dr. Rappaccini has â€Å"experimented† on Beatrice since birth with poisons which have mysteriously endowed her with â€Å"Nordic† beauty. In fact, Professor Baglioni points out that Beatrice is certainly the offspring of her father’s experiments — â€Å"That old fable of the Indian woman,† he exclaims, â€Å"has become a truth by the deep and deadly science of Rappaccini and in the person of the lovely Beatrice† (Hawthorne, 1059). Beatrice then admits the truth, for she tells Giovanni that her father is â€Å"a man fearfully acquainted with the secrets of Nature† and that she is â€Å"the effect of my father’s fatal love of science† (Hawthorne, 1062). In order to rid Beatrice of this curse and be â€Å"purified

Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products Free Essays

string(64) " only buy luxury fashion products when they have a high income\." Executive Summary The current paper is a synopsis of the study on influence of Income on purchase of Luxury Fashion Products. The suggested study is a quantitative study of women and uses age based sampling; women aged 16-45 years. The traditional economics concept that higher income would lead to higher consumption of normal and quality goods and lesser of inferior goods are often challenged by marketers for luxury goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature suggests that there are a number of other factors other than income that lead to purchase of luxury fashion products such as brand affiliation, prestige and social status, symbolic, functional, emotional attributes. Thus the research would explain the importance of income when young women in UK make purchase decisions related to luxury fashion products. The study is suggested to be quantitative in nature but in accordance with the logical positivism philosophy. It would follow a survey strategy and close ended questionnaire would be used in the research. The findings from the study are expected to have significant implications for companies in luxury products industry as well as specifically for marketers, marketing luxury fashion products to women in UK. 1 Introduction The current paper provides a synopsis for the study of impact of income on consumer decision making regarding luxury fashion products. The suggested study would use a case study of women in UK between ages of 16-45 years. The synopsis explains the research background, aims and objectives, scope and limitations, literature review and methodology for conducting the study. It further highlights the expected problems and limitations of the research. 1.1 Research Background: The suggested study is aimed at studying the impact of income on purchase decision regarding luxury fashion products. A further case study of women aged between 16 to 40 years from the United Kingdom has been taken. Like other industries, even within luxury goods, the marketers have to consider factors like competition, globalization, increased customer sophistication and maturity of markets etc to formulate its marketing strategy (Djelic and Ainama, 1999). The Economic crisis 2008 affected the sales in the luxury goods industry. However an upturn was observed in 2010. According to Passariello (2011) the luxury goods market in the Europe is worth ˆ168 billion and showed reasonable growth in the year 2010. The growth is not just specific to Europe, but market for luxury goods has increased greatly world over in the last few years. According to McKinsey Co‘s research, the highest growth is expected to be within China which is expected to grow by 20% till 2015 (Atsmon, Dixit and Wu, 2011). In luxury industry, globalization also offers huge opportunities like an emergence of new markets in countries like India, Russia and China (Silverstein, Fiske and Butman, 2003). The fastest growing market as suggested by analysts is that of China since the economy is growing very fast and the income of the people has significantly increased in the last few years (Agarwal and Wu, 2004). According to Roberts (2012) the luxury goods market incr eased by 4% in Europe in 2012, mainly attributable to high tourist spending but low local demand. Each year, more Chinese tourists visit Europe and are counted as biggest spenders on luxury products (Passariello, 2011). The marketers, in order to benefit from the emerging opportunities and promote sales of luxury fashion products, need to know the motivations of the targeted markets. The UK market is now recovering from recession and is an important market for sales of luxury fashion products. The economists suggest that as the income of consumers increases they move to quality goods from inferior goods. This is an objective explanation and the income is given as objective criteria however for luxury goods, marketers stress subjective reasons more. For example, Phau and Prendergast (2000) were of the view that how consumers perceive luxury is in subjective terms and it is their understanding of â€Å"luxury† which determines their related purchase behaviour. Marketers argue that income is not as important as a factor for purchasing luxury products. According to them Luxury goods consumption has always been a significant social practice while Berry (1994) explains that the value one attaches to luxury is a component crucial to the self-realization of a society. The marketers thus need to identify other factors that motivate the consumers to buy luxury fashions products besides income. The suggested research would study impact of income as well as important factors besides income that the marketers need to consider when developing their marketing campaigns for luxury fashion products. Dubois and Duquesne (1993) in their research found that culture is as important as income that determines the consumptions of luxury product s. 1.2 Research Aims and Objective: The research aim is to study the impact of income level on consumer decision making in the case of luxury fashion products. The aim would be achieved by the following objectives: To review literature and understand the factors impacting consumer decision making for luxury products. To study income as a factor and how it impacts purchase decisions regarding luxury fashion products. To understand the role of income for purchase decisions by young women. To develop a framework to explain the income effect on purchase of luxury fashion products by women. To study the significance of variables other than income that has an impact on luxury purchase behaviour. To make recommendations to the companies and marketers dealing in luxury fashion products for women. 1.3 Research Question The main research question that the research would answer is: Does income influence purchasing of Luxury Fashion ProductsThe study would test related hypothesis such as: H1: Income is an important factor for purchase of luxury fashion products. H2: The women in different age groups have different buyer orientations towards luxury products. H3: Income if an important factor for young women in UK for consumption of luxury fashion products. H4: Income is not the main factor but value creation for older women when buying luxury fashion products. H5: Women only buy luxury fashion products when they have a high income. You read "Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products" in category "Essay examples" H6: Social motivations are more important variable for fashion conscious women in UK. H7: Luxury loving women do not consider income an important factor when purchasing luxury fashion products. 2 Preliminary Literature Review Whenever a consumer, practitioner or a researcher focuses on luxury goods, some specific characteristics of a number of luxury brands may come in mind such as Chanel suits, Cartier watches or Hermes handbags. These are all expensive, excellent quality, aesthetic heritage, design, reputation, desirability, exclusivity, inaccessibility, and personality reflection (Quelch, 2006). Quelch (2006, p.100) states that: Luxury brands are those whose ratio of functional utility to price is low while the ratio of intangible and situational utility to price is high. Besides satisfying the material needs of the consumers, the luxury goods also addresses social and symbolic needs (Wiedmann et al., 2007). Some researchers have further delineated luxury goods by comparing and contrasting their characteristics to the characteristics of mass consumption products. Riley, Lomax, and Blunden (2004) specified various features of luxury goods (e.g., Christian Dior fragrance) differing from everyday consumer goods (e.g., Dove soap). According to scholars, luxury goods are intended for niche market segments (Riley, Lomax, and Blunden, 2004). The marketers of luxury fashion products use exclusive placing, promotion, distribution and marketing segmentation techniques. On the other hand, for non-luxury products, they focus more on functionality and price. When buying luxury goods the consumers are influenced by quality, status and prestigious brands. Marketers emphasize association with heritage and craftsmanship when positioning luxury brands. Riley, Lomax, an d Blunden (2004) also explained that after-sales services and several other methods of value creation are very important in luxury goods. Hauck and Stanforth (2007) said that income effects, to some extent, the perception of luxury. For example, something might be a perceived necessity for one person while a perceived luxury for another. A popular way to identify luxury is based on five factors framework given by Phau and Prendergast (2000). These factors include brand identity, exclusiveness, high level of brand awareness; focus on customer loyalty and quality. In consumer behaviour literature the model given by Vickers and Renand (2003) explains that the purchase behaviour is determined by experiential, interactional symbolic and functional aspects for luxury goods since they are high in both social and personal identity. The non luxury products are only high in functional aspects. The model given by Seringhaus (2005) includes emotion related factors like personality and image, effective symbolic communication for brand identity and congruence with self-concept which positions luxury brands. According to Tse (1996), most of the research done on consumption strongly indicates the reflection of Western society and its impact on individualistic goals. In an individualist society, the behaviour and motivational factors of consumers when purchasing products may be fundamentally different from those in a collectivist society. Numerous scholars (e.g., Phau Prendergast, 2000) have testified that collectivist consumers have different attitudes and perceptions regarding luxury brands as compared to the consumers belonging to the individualist societies. Wiedmann, Hennigs, and Siebels (2007) however, argued that consumer behaviour for product categories like cars, fashion and luxuries is independent of their cultures and regions. According to this school of thought, the information search and exchange are universal in nature for such kind of products. Behaviour is an aspect of attitude derived from values and hence is associated to culture. Since attitudes are a projection of be liefs; consumers holding different beliefs about making purchases will therefore differ in their methods of searching information and making purchase decisions Personal attitude and values of a consumer has a bigger impact on their purchase behavior than their income. This means that people of same income group but different social and cultural backgrounds may have different approach towards buying luxury goods, depending upon their preferences and values. For instance the low income segment of consumers may possibly have a desire to buy only the best, as a result of which they may not buy bulk of luxury goods but quality goods. By and large, consumers can be divided into three categories on the basis of their income level: average, elite and lower class. It must be noted that though there would be a substantial difference between the purchasing power of the elite and lower class however both the classes have certain purchasing habits similar to their respective classified segment. But despite all this, it would be illogical to deny the impact of income on a consumer’s buying behavior, on both, prices and types of products. Early researchers argued that social class can be a better predictor of consumer purchase behavior than income (Keiser and Kuehl, 1972; Shimp and Yokum, 1981). Likewise, Coleman (1960 in Keiser, and Kuehl, 1972) found that while purchasing furniture, the prices of purchased goods and social class have a higher correlation than between the prices of purchased goods and income. To find the answer to the debate of income versus social class, numerous researches were conducted. The answers established the superiority of income over social class (e.g. Myers et al., 1971). According to Myers and his colleagues (1971) income had more predictive power over social class, when examining the purchase behavior of low priced goods, semi-durable and durable products, cosmetics, plus services such as travel, furniture, clothing and appliances. Sivadas (1997) also testified that income is a better predictor than social class when it comes to consumer behavior for leisure and recreational activities. Earlier consumers used to shop according to the value of dollar, which stayed limited to purchasing necessary products and services only. Modern shoppers, however, make purchases when rewarding themselves and utilize shopping as a method of â€Å"feeling good† and self-satisfaction. In contemporary society, consumers make purchases to make a statement, exhibit their personality and boost their self-image. Since the purchased goods are in accordance with the psyche of the consumers, the researcher decided to assess the pattern of consumer purchase behavior with regards to luxury products. Some researches take income as the prerequisite, for example they study elite consumers only when studying consumption of luxury fashion products. They then use psychosocial variables to differentiate between the consumers of luxury products (Xiao and Pras, 2011). Researchers further show that even though men buy more luxury products in few cultures but the decision is influenced greatly by women. Study by Kaefer, Heilman and Ramenofsky (2012) showed that attitude of wife towards luxury products is very important and women have an impact on spending their spouses. Truong (2010) considers the role of personal aspirations and suggested that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are important for consumption of luxury goods. 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy: The methodology design is a very important part of any research based study. For the purpose of this research, it is suggested that a logical positivism research philosophy should be adopted. The philosophy suggests that empirical analysis should be backed by a logical analysis (Potter, 1996). Such a research would not only suggest findings but would also justify the findings using logic and literature. Using this philosophy would add a qualitative aspect to the research and would help the reader better understand the findings and implications. 3.2 Research Approach: Research approach can be defined as the studying of a phenomenon in order to collect, transmit and produce knowledge under the examination of a researcher. Thomas (2003) noted that either of the two research approaches, i.e. qualitative or quantitative or both, can be used in a dissertation depending upon the nature and purpose of the study. Qualitative research is also referred to as inductive approach, through which one can understand the research context and the occurrence of different events. However, the drawback of this research approach is its extensive nature and that it is hard to be defined and measured. Different scholars have observed that this approach relies upon a phenomenological and post-empirical assessment of the world, which perceives that reality is constructed socially as depicted by the situational context (Bryman and Bell, 2007). The quantitative research method, otherwise termed as deductive research approach, can be largely regarded as the scientific data co llection method. The quantitative data can be effectively classified, measured and assessed due to its numerical outlook. It is framed on firm rules or formulas and follows very strict procedures for making determinations (Bryman and Bell, 2007). A quantitative approach is being used because the results can be easily generalised and presented in the form of an empirical analysis. The quantitative study would provide an objective measure for importance of income for purchase of luxury fashion products. Furthermore, significant variables other than income and the extent of dependence of consumption of luxury on them can be identified using the quantitative approach. In this research, a quantitative approach is suggested using a survey strategy. The quantitative approach would help study the significance of income as a variable in quantitative terms. A survey strategy is easy and economical, and can help collect quality data in short spaces of time (Saunders et al., 2007). The sample size for the survey is suggested to be 300 however the size can be reduced due to certain problems and limitations of research. Furthermore, as aforementioned, demographic sampling would be used. Women in UK from aged between 16-45 years would be randomly selected and contacted for the study and would be asked to fill questionnaires. This age group has been chosen because they have exposure to different levels of income as well as social motivations are different at different ages. Furthermore, women are generally thought to be the intra-house income decision makers and consumption allocators (Bourguignon et al., 1993; Ashraf, 2009). 4 Data Collection and Analysis For data collection purposes, a researcher is provided with two techniques: primary data collection and secondary data collection. The suggested research would be primary research and would make use of primary data primarily. As previously mentioned, a survey strategy would be employed and in accordance, questionnaires would be used as data collection tools. The development of a questionnaire is a lengthy process however it is alongside meeting the data collection needs of the research. Prior to development of the questionnaire a framework would be designed using literature review. Using the literature review, main variables would be indentified that have an impact on purchase and consumption of luxury fashion products. For the initial literature review it is suggested to include several variables such as perceived quality, brand loyalty and social status and as such they should be studied as independent variables. Income can be used as an independent variable or a moderating variable in the study. The choice would be clearer for the researcher after reviewing more literature on the subject. Lastly, the purchase behavior would be the dependent variable. For the purpose of analysis, SPSS would be used which would make the data collection, management and analysis easier. 4.1 Reliability, Validity, And Generalisability: For any research, issues regarding qualitative or quantitative data, reliability, validity and generalisability are important factors for determining the quality. For quantitative research, the reliability and validity can be tested in quantitative terms (Creswell, 2009). For example, in the suggested study a pilot test would be conducted and using croncbach’s alpha the validity and reliability would be determined. Furthermore, using triangulation and support from literature the findings would be supported according to the logical positivism approach. This research focuses on an in-depth analysis of the purchase behaviour of women in mainland or suburban areas of the UK, whilst keeping in focus the significance of different income groups of consumers within a market. Since this study is limited to the urban markets of luxury, it might therefore be inappropriate to generalize the results of the study to beyond the urban and suburban areas of UK. Similarly the gender and age based sampling decreases the generalisability of the study. 4.2 Research Limitations The most important limitations that the researcher would need to consider at every step of research are time and capital. Besides time and finance, the scope of the research would be limited to luxury goods and the UK market. The realm of luxury goods constitutes capital goods like personal jets, real estate, luxury automobiles, and yachts; consumer services in expensive retail stores, resorts and hotels; and wines and champagne, as well as exotic vacations, travelling; and financial services such as credit cards etc., targeted at elite class consumers. However this study will keep itself limited to the superior personal fashion goods such as apparel, perfume and accessories, such as watches, handbags, shoes and jewellery. The research conducted in the future could examine the other product categories for further exploration of the luxury goods market in UK. 5 Conclusion This study is aimed at understanding and assessing luxury goods consumer behaviour. Product development, communications management, branding strategies and numerous other business activities require understanding consumer behavior, especially towards luxury products. In order for the designers, retailers and producers of the luxury products brands to benefit from the market expansion trends, they need to have a thorough understanding of the consumer behaviour of their target market. Therefore a proactive investigation of the target consumers and their purchase behaviour is necessary to derive the implications for marketers of the industry. Therefore to this end this research provides an insight for practitioners of the UK luxury goods market by documenting the potential and the landscape of the UK goods industry with valuable information regarding the consumer behaviour. 6 TIME CHART References Agarwal, J. and Wu, T. (2004). China’s entry to WTO: global marketing issues, impact and implications for China. International Marketing Review. Vol. 21. P.279. Ashraf, N. (2009). Spousal Control and Intra-household Decision Making: An Experimental Study in the Philippines. American Economic Review. 99(4). Pp. 1245–77. Atsmon, Y. Dixit, V. And Wu, C. (2011). Tapping China’s luxury-goods market. [Online] Mckinsey Quarterly. Available at: http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Tapping_Chinas_luxury-goods_market_2779 [16th April, 2012]. Berry, C.J. (1994). The idea of luxury: A conceptual and histiorical investigation. New York: Cambridge University Press. Bourguignon, F and Chiappori, PA and Browning, M and Lechene, V (1993) Intra -Household Allocation of Consumption: A Model and Some Evidence from. Annales d’Economie et de Statistique 0(29). Pp.137–56. Bryman, A., and Bell, E., (2007), Business research methods, Oxford University Press, New York. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry research design: choosing among five approaches. Oaks, Calif.: Sage, cop. Djelic, M.L. and Ainamo. A. (1999). The convolution of new organizational forms in the fashion industry: A historical and comparative study of France, Italy, and the United States. Organization Science. 10(5). Pp 622-637. Dubois, B and Duquesne, P. (1993). The Market for Luxury Goods: Income versus Culture. European Journal of Marketing. 27(1), pp.35 – 44 Hauck, W.E. and Stanforth, N. (2007). Cohort perception of luxury goods and services. Journal of Fashion Marketing and management. 11 (2). Kaefer, F., Heilman, C.M. and Ramenofsky, SD. (2012). The impact of a wife’s budgetary and romantic attitudes towards luxury goods on their self-purchases and purchases made for them by their husbands. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 19(3). Pp. 297–303. Keiser, K. S. and Kuehl, P. G. (1972). Social Class and Income Influences on External Search Processes of Adolescents, Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research, 1972; pp. 602-631 Myers, J. H. Stanton, R. R. and Haug, A. F. (1971). Correlates of Buying Behavior: Social Class vs. Income, Journal of Marketing, 35 (4). pp. 8–16. Passariello, C. (2011). Spenders Splurge on Luxury in Europe. . [Online] The Wall Street Journal. Available at: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703726904576192600105705670.html [16th April, 2012]. Phau, I. and Prendergast, G. (2000). Consuming luxury brands: The relevance of the Rarity principle. Journal of Brand Management. 8 (2). Pp. 122-138. Potter, J.A. (1996). An Analysis Of Thinking And Research About Qualitative Methods. Mahwah, NJ: Routledge. Quelch, J.A. (2006). Readings In Modern Marketing. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. Riley, F.D., Lomax, W. And Blunden, A. (2004). Dove vs. Dior: Extending the Brand Extension Decision-Making Process from Mass to Luxury. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ). 12(3). Pp. 40–55. Riley, F.D.O., Lomax, W. and Blunden. A. (2004). Dove vs. Dior: extending the brand extension decsiion making process from mass to luxury. Australasian Marketing Journal. 12 (3). Pp 40-55. Roberts, A. (2012). Cavalli CEO Says Europe’s Luxury Goods Market Is in Difficulty. [Online] Bloomberg. Available at: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-24/cavalli-ceo-says-europe-s-luxury-goods-market-is-in-difficulty.html [16th April, 2012]. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students, Delhi: Pearson Education. Seringhaus, F.H.R. (2005).Selling Luxury Brands online. Journal of Internet Commerce. 4(1). Pp.1-25 Shimp, T. A., Yokum, J. T. (1981). Extensions of the Basic Social Class Model Employed in Consumer Research. Advances in Consumer Research, 8. pp. 702-707. Silverstein, M.J. Fiske, N. and Butman, J. (2003). Trading up: The new American Luxury. New York: Portfolio. Sivadas, E. A. (1997). A preliminary examination of the continuing significance of social class to marketing: a geo-demographic replication, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14 (6). pp. 463-479. Thomas, R.M. (2003). Blending qualitative quantitative research methods in theses and dissertations, Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press. Truong, Y. (2010). Personal aspirations and the consumption of luxury goods. International Journal of Market Research. 52(5). P. 655. Tse, D. (1996). Understanding Chinese people as consumers: Past finingds and future propositions. In M.H. Bond, The Handbook of Chinese psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. Vickers, J.S. and Renand, F. (2003). The marketing of luxury goods: an exploratory stiudy—three conceptual dimesions, Marketing Review. 3. Pp. 459-478. Wiedmann, K.P. Hennings, N, and Siebels. A. (2007). Measuring consumer’s luxury value perception: a cross-cultural framework. Academy of Marketing Science Review. 2007 (7), pp 1-21. Xiao Lu, P. and Pras, B. (2011), Profiling mass affluent luxury goods consumers in China: A psychographic approach. Thunderbird Int’l Bus Rev, 53. Pp. 435–455. How to cite Impact of Income on Purchase of Luxury Fashion Products, Essay examples

Sex Essay Example

Sex Essay Sex is a complicated issue when all religions in the world are considered. As all religions have varying opinions in regards to this, it is very hard to define. Sex is easier to classify as an open and a closed book, not really dependent on it being from the East or the West.In Hinduism, sex is very sacred. Girls and boys live in practically different worlds as friendship and interactions between sexes are frowned upon. In the old days, premarital sex was not an issue to them as girls were married off even before they reach puberty. Prostitution in India is very minimal compared to other countries as only very poor girls who are in dire need enter that kind of business. Though premarital sex is highly objected to, they are more sensitive to it than other religions. Highly conservative though are the teachings of Hinduism, they believe that sex is their sacred duty. Kama Sutra, which is the religious sexual ritual in Hinduism that people, all over the world, enjoy these days, regardle ss of the sacred purposes of it. The Hindus believe though that the tantra or the ultimate happiness and higher consciousness will be achieved through sexual intercourse. (Kohn.)Buddhism on the other hand repulses sex. They believe that one must be ridden of all worldly desires and sexual desire is one of them.   They believe that looking at something beautiful is wrong for it expresses a worldly self and wants that they believe they must not have. They believe that one must be totally selfless and unaffected by superficial things. Since they believe that feeling desire is evil, for men, the sexual act becomes a mere proof of their manhood which on its own expresses ego and for women, their duty. (Umekawa)Jainism on the other hand believes that sex is for mere reproduction only. Sex for them goes for as far as that purpose. Some believed at one point that they would achieve nirvana through sexual intercourses, but because the five human senses had been disregarded for that to be c onsidered, sex is considered to be somehow wrong. (Marett)Daoism on the other hand do not preach for it merely gives advices. It does not view God as someone who has worldliness like we do. It talks about alchemy and the exchange for every single thing in life, as the normal workings of the world. It does not object to worldly desires like food, sex and other material and superficial desires.   It only objects to it if it becomes an obsessive desire that over rules logic. But they also believe that sex is a way of getting eternal life.(Myers)Christianity objects to premarital sex though not if within the sacredness of marriage. They believe that it is the human duty to reproduce and multiply, because of this they are, by the teachings of the Bible required to have sex every single day except for days when a couple within the sacrament of marriage have agreed to abstain and worship God for the day. And this, they actually do because of God’s will. (Christianity and Sex)In Ju daism, they look at sex as a regular and natural body inclination like a person’s need to eat and drink to replenish the body. They believe that the abuse of the body by having improper sex is the same effect as by eating too much. (Lisa Katz)In Islam, unlike most religions, they believe that reproduction is not the sole reason for marriage and sex. They also believe that one of the many reasons for sex is the human comfort and the fun you derive from it, which is probably the most liberated religion of all.   They also believe that sex is not exclusive, resulting to a polygamous society. (Mills)Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Daoism are all from the East. Hinduism believes that sex is a sacred ritual of achieving higher consciousness and finally, ultimate happiness in the way of Kama Sutra. Christianity is a Western religion, but it also believes that sex is a duty, though not for ultimate happiness but reproduction according to God’s will.Sex is an act that must b e respected, regardless of religion. People do not really abide by the religious teachings but it gives them boundaries that restrain them. Though in most religions, men are the one supposed to enjoy it and the women to endure, it is not so. As both genders are given the physical urges.Religion in more ways than one, and not just by the differing teachings, is highly relative. The way the followers interpret the will of who they believe in is one of the many factors, and probably the major one, that affects it. Sex is, scientifically speaking, a mere bodily response. It is a part of human nature that has biological explanations and basis. It is something that the heavens above has given and created man with, regardless of what they meant it to be. Islam, in the sense of sex today is probably the most realistic belief. For today, sex is becoming common and a universal language and expression of love and mostly, fun.Sex is not evil, for it is a gift. But today, it is abused causing ra mpant sexually transmitted disease problems. If people abide by the teachings of their religion, save for the polygamous beliefs of Islam, it will not be so. Sex is an art as well, though conservative restraints will hardly consider it so. But the truth is, everything aside, sex is the best expression of love that binds you to the one you love. It is an act that combines you as one, and a world only you and your loved one could go. Sex without love is just an empty, meaningless job.Sex may be meant reproduction purposes, and religious acts, but still, it is for the people doing the act and the act in itself. Sex Essay Example Sex Essay Sex Name: Course: Instructor: We will write a custom essay sample on Sex specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Date: Sex The relationship between sex and love has been one of the most controversial topics in the modern world. The controversies have resulted in diverse views about this relationship. There are classical and modern treatments of the connection between sex and love necessitating the need to establish such differences. The philosophical treatment of sex and love assumes varied perspectives such as ethical, moral and human traits. The philosophical reductionist approach views sex as merely a means of achieving bodily pleasure that cannot be linked to any form of emotional connection between parties. On the other hand, the intentionalists view is that sex is a means of mental interaction between partners and is aimed at understanding their emotional connection of feelings of love towards each other. Love and sex are equally ethically significant phenomena in human society in both classical and modern societies. The controversies in these differences have resulted in the subject as to what amounts to love between partners. In addition, this results to the question of the differences between love and lust in relationships. Love and sex in relationships are usually viewed from a marital perspective. However, such is not limited to martial unions but also to relations between two people who share both emotional or sexual attractions and bonds. In the modern world, relationships brought about by sex and love are formed by individuals of similar or varied gender. Hence, sex is not confined to the limits of gender or sexuality of individuals but rather between two individuals who consent to their actions (Cahill, 2011). Humanistic views provide that there is a dire need to ensure respect of individuals and the human body. Hence, sex lacking in emotional connection or love should be condemned. Classical societies condemned lust in that it is termed as selfish in its quest for immediate physical or sexual pleasure at the expense of using one another to achieve such ends. Women usually prefer to have sex with individuals with whom they have an emotional connection with, or whom they share the feelings of love. Hence, a sexual experience with individuals with whom one shares mutual feelings of love is superior to sex with an individual with whom one does not. However, this is merely a humanist approach as it aims at ensuring respect for one another (Cahill, 2011). Sex has the capacity to accrue a sense of attaining a high level of feeling similar to ecstasy, provided it is actualized with feelings of love and delight in one’s partner. However, the lack of feelings and emotional connection with a partner usually results in the use of sex as a means of achieving short-term or immediate pleasure. Hence, this is an express illustration of the difficulty or challenge posed in the amalgamation of sex and love. Sex in the presence of love, according to provided literature, indicates that the body should be viewed in its entirety and that sex is intertwined with the emotional part of the human body. Hence, sexual arousal in terms of love is driven by the need to make an emotional connection through intercourse. However, sex without love usually views the body in terms of parts such as the bust, breasts, thighs and other sexually suggestive body parts. This is because of the act’s intent of merely establishing sexual contact in the short- term to derive momentary pleasure. Hence, the understanding of sex and love could be achieved by evaluating the two phenomena in their purest form. Sex is termed as a biological urge that is a result of the chemical activities in the human body, whereas love is termed as an emotional yearning resulting from the creation of the individual imagination. Sex is driven by the need to eliminate the organic tension inherent in sexual urges, whereas the feelings of love are escapist in nature as they are driven by the individual’s need to escape from feelings of inadequacy and gain completion or adequacy from another individual (Halwani, 2010). Sex is termed as an indiscriminate action between individuals whereas love is usually directed at a specific individual. Additionally, sex is common among animals, whereas love is known to few people who are termed as lucky to experience it. Sex without love is considered animalistic, whereas love without sex is not deemed as fulfilling. Expressions of love through sex are sensuous and tender in comparison to sex without love that is aimed at the release of sexual tension. Sex with love between individuals is aimed at forming an emotional connection. The two individuals involved in the act usually form a physical, emotional, spiritual and mental bond. This could be termed as the essence of sex with love. Sex with love receives equally as it gives equally. The partners usually view each other as valuable in terms of their worth in each other’s eyes, because either partner has selected the other over others. Hence love is termed as rich in terms of emotional, mental and physical attributes that are usually absent in sex without love. In addition, sex is a means to achievement of physical pleasure only, whereas love could be used as a means of achievement of either sexual and emotional pleasure or joy. Therefore, love usually dwells on treating a partner as high in value and not as a mere object for achieving pleasure. On the other hand, sex without love results in surrender to the conscious acts of bodily desires. In a similar fashion, sex with love attempts at attaining a similar state whereby one submits to the pleasures of another. Hence, at times sex with love and sex without love usually results in the objectification of either partner. For this reason, it is impossible to derive differences between sex with and without love due to blurred differences resulting from objectification. This is based on the question as to who thinks of love when they are overtaken by lust and sexual desires. Sex and love have a connection in that sex with love usually results in the consideration of one’s partner as one’s lover. This is because an individual is not separated from their consciousness because of sexual desire. Sex and love are complimentary in that, in love-filled relationships, sex enhances intimacy between individuals. This is illustrated by foreplay and after-play activities. Individuals in sex with love relations usually result in clasping of hands, intimate talks before, during and after intercourse. However, such acts are not carried out in sex without love relations. This is because individuals usually aim at achievement of sexual pleasure, in contrast to sex with love relationships that are aimed at enhancing the emotional or level of intimacy between two individuals (Halwani, 2010). Sex is termed as a means of communication; a language on its own used to convey information that is beyond words. Such communication is the focus of a sexual act in a sex with love relationship even without the achievement of sexual gratification. However, this is different from the sex without love relationships as mere sexual gratification is the aim of the relationship. However, there is also the aspect of individuals in sex with love relationships to surrender themselves to sexual pleasures instead of communicating their love through sexual acts such as caressing and thrusting. This leads to the loss of the sensuous aspect of a sex with love intercourse. Sex is complex in that some sexual acts may communicate other elements such as dominance, submission and aggression. Hence, sex could devalue the sensuous aspect of the art of making love, resulting in the loss of its essence. However, love is also interpreted in different perspectives. Some are of the view that sex is impossible with individuals they cannot love. Love in such a context may refer to an attraction to the individual attributes such as physique and character. Hence, essentially this is attraction that exists between two individuals. Such attraction to qualities may be termed as animalistic and an example of mating techniques. This attraction is associated with qualities that are of erotic significance to an individual (Blackburn, 2004). Insecurity is also another feature in both sex with love and sex without love relationships. In sex with love relationships, insecurities manifest themselves in the form of a partner’s reluctance to engage in sexual intimacy with another individual. In sex without love, individuals exhibit insecurity in their failure to exercise fidelity to one another as they risk commitment to one another and are driven by the need to accrue immediate sexual gratification and thus evade any form of emotional connection and surrender. Hence, an individual usually withholds an aspect of individuality with the aim of preventing an emotional connection and surrender. Hence, sex without love is not fully spontaneous as an individual withholds an aspect of himself. However, withholding feelings and emotions does not guarantee the eventual development of an emotional connection or attachment with a lover. This is because this is the possible attraction to certain attributes existent in a lover. It means surrender to aspects, which are attractive from a sexual perspective, which is surrender to lustful feelings. Hence, in sex without love relationships individuals harbor feelings that could be termed as a form of emotional connection. Thus, lack of an attraction and presence of lustful feelings would result in the absence of sex between non-lovers (Blackburn, 2004). Furthermore, individuals in sex without love relationships are driven by other needs such as intimacy, acceptance, relationships and confirmation of their ability to attract other people. Hence, such needs are also paramount for satisfaction in addition to the need for equal sexual gratification between partners. Hence, this results in the need for a connection for individuals to have their identified needs satisfied. This has potency to result to love and an emotional connection. Sex with love enables individuals to overcome individual inadequacies and isolation. Love has a high degree of individual awareness and a high degree of absorption in the other person. However, this could be termed as a paradox in that it is nearly impossible to find one while losing oneself in another. This could be translated as the need to find oneself through losing oneself in another. Giving self and finding self is the essence of sex with love. However, this is absent in sex without love relations. This is based on traditional Puritanism views that love is existent without sex and sex is possible without love. This views that human beings are sex machines that can be turned on an off at the pleasure of a partner. Hence, sex is a means to an end that is the achievement of sexual gratification. Hence, this also results in the eventual loss of the sexual aggression and desire for a partner. This is because the lack of feelings results in lack of desire essential for sexual drive (Halwani, 2010). Hence, it is evident that love is paramount for ensuring sexual gratification in relationships, lack of which leads to objectification and unsatisfactory sexual intercourse. Additionally literature provided indicates that the presence of an emotional connection between individuals in sexual relations usually results in loss of individuality. This leads to unsatisfactory sexual intercourse in such relationships. This is because the aspect of togetherness leads to a notion that both individuals have identical needs, expectations and wants form one another, which is false. Hence, there is a need for individuality irrespective of the presence of emotional connections between individuals (Cahill, 2011). In conclusion, love is seemingly a significant phenomenon in successful human romantic and sexual relationships. However, there is also paramount need for individuality to maintain an aspect of independence and difference in terms of expectations and needs from one another. Love provides sexual gratification due to the presence of an attraction between partners in the sexual relationship. Bibliography Blackburn, S., 2004. Lust. New York: New York Public Library. Cahill, A. J., 2011.Overcoming Objectification: A Carnal Ethics. London: Routledge, Halwani, R., 2010. Philosophy of love, sex, and marriage: an introduction. New York: Routledge.